Yemen: The Battle for the Western Coast

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Written by Ahmed Sayed exclusively for SouthFront

The war in Yemen enters its third year with little possibility of a military or political solution. The country is at risk of a grave humanitarian crisis due to widespread diseases and the destruction of infrastructure by Saudi-led coalition airstrikes.

In March 2015, Saudi Arabia launched “Operation Decisive Storm” to prevent the entire country from falling under Houthi control.

After several attempts to solve the conflict, whether in Geneva or Kuwait, all political efforts failed to solve the conflict. Military solutions are also hardly possible due to the geographic nature of the country and a poor training of military personnel involved in the conflict from the Saudi-led coalition side. In turn, Houthi forces and their allies also lack supplies and weapons to deliver a devastating blow to the Saudi coalition.

The useful Yemen

The Arab coalition opted an approach aimed at controlling the strategic areas of Yemen. The coalition gained the southern coast, the coastal city Aden, captured Marib, launched a military operation against Houthi forces in the city of Taiz and took control of the Mandeb Strait , but the strategic western coast remained under Houthi-Saleh control.

The Western Coast

In January 2017, the Saudi-led coalition launched “Operation Golden Arrow” aiming at controlling the entire western Yemeni coast and the coastal city of Al Hudaydah that overlooks the Red Sea. If the coalition captures Al Hudaydah:

• the Houthi-Saleh alliance will lose a strategic area which will affect their position in any upcoming peace talks;
• Saudi Arabia will stop the alleged smuggling of arms and supplies from Iran through the Western coast;
• The Houthi-Saleh alliance will lose a considerable amount of income from smuggling in the area;

The side that controls the area can easily impact the navigation in the Mandeb Strait. About 12% of the international trade passes through this strategic region.

Controlling the Western Yemeni coast is a priority for the UAE. The western coast of the UAE gains a foothold on both sides of the Mandeb Strait. It is worth mentioning that the UAE have a military base in the Somaliland coastal city of Berbera.

Houthi attacks

In October 2016, the Houthi-Saleh forces attacked a Swift HSV-2 vessel with a ground-to-surface (GSM) anti-ship missile, killing 22 soldiers.

In January 2017, the Houthi-Saleh forces fired another anti-ship missile against the Saudi French-built La Fayette frigate, killing two sailors and damaging the vessel. Saudi Arabia later said that suicide boats carried out the attack.

After the incident, US ships entered the Yemeni coastal waters. The Houthi-Saleh forces fired anti-ship missiles at them, which the USS Mason intercepted and the USS Nitze launched a tomahawk cruise missile destroying the radar station without which the Houthi-Saleh forces are incapable of firing any more anti-ship missiles.

Scenarios of the Operation to Capture Al Hudaydah City

• The first scenario is a potential ground assault through the Hajjah province, then the deserts in the north and a coordinated attack from the coastal city of Al Mahrah which was captured in January 2017. It will most likely take some time due to the hard terrain. It is worth mentioning that the Saudi-led coalition lost a number of vehicles, including tanks from the Sudanese army in a recent attack.
• The second scenario will probably be an airborne attack and a naval landing operation, clearing the islands and demining the port.
• The third scenario will likely draw the Houthi–Saleh forces away from the main goal by a false attack on the capital Sana’a and the Houthi stronghold Sa’dah, followed by a naval landing operation to capture the Al Hudaydah port.

The second and third scenarios will be supported by the Saudi-led coalition naval power which consists of:

The Saudi western fleet:

• 2 La Fayette F-3000 French-built class frigate;
• 3 La Fayette F-2000 French-built class frigate;
• Sandown class mine hunter;
• 24 different types of landing crafts;
• American Tacoma-class missile corvettes;
• 3 German-made Jaguar-class torpedo boats.

Elements of the Egyptian navy:

• 1 Oliver hazard Perry class;
• 3 Ambassador MK III fast missile craft.

Small Naval elements from other participating countries.

After the recent Arab Islamic-American summit in Riyadh, and Trump’s direct accusation that Iran is responsible for terrorism and instability, it becomes clear that the United States want to establish a Sunni Arab alliance to counter the increasing Iranian influence in the region.

Trump is a clever salesman – he managed to fulfill his previous promise to make Gulf countries pay for their protection and he managed to make the largest arms deal in the history of the US.

The capture of the Al Hudaydah port would be a great PR victory for the Gulf countries and their American allies. However, a low morale and a poor training of pro-Saudi forces as well as large differences among the Arab coalition member states are key problems preventing the Saudi-led block from launching an advance in this strategic area in the nearest future.

Furthermore, the recently erupted Qatari crisis in the Middle East will further slow down any Saudi-led attempts to capture Al Hudaydah.