Illustrative image
Written by Prof Michel Chossudovsky; Originally appeared at Global Research
According to a secret document dated September 15, 1945, “the Pentagon had envisaged blowing up the Soviet Union with a coordinated nuclear attack directed against major urban areas.
All major cities of the Soviet Union were included in the list of 66 “strategic” targets. The tables below categorize each city in terms of area in square miles and the corresponding number of atomic bombs required to annihilate and kill the inhabitants of selected urban areas.
Six atomic bombs were to be used to destroy each of the larger cities including Moscow, Leningrad, Tashkent, Kiev, Kharkov, Odessa.
The Pentagon estimated that a total of 204 bombs would be required to “Wipe the Soviet Union off the Map”. The targets for a nuclear attack consisted of sixty-six major cities.
One single atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima resulted in the immediate death of 100,000 people in the first seven seconds. Imagine what would have happened if 204 atomic bombs had been dropped on major cities of the Soviet Union as outlined in a secret U.S. plan formulated during the Second World War.
Hiroshima in the wake of the atomic bomb attack, 6 August 1945
The document outlining this diabolical military agenda had been released in September 1945, barely one month after the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (6 and 9 August, 1945) and two years before the onset of the Cold War (1947).
The secret plan dated September 15, 1945 (two weeks after the surrender of Japan on September 2, 1945 aboard the USS Missouri, see image below) , however, had been formulated at an earlier period, namely at the height of World War II, at a time when America and the Soviet Union were close allies.
It is worth noting that Stalin was first informed through official channels by Harry Truman of the infamous Manhattan Project at the Potsdam Conference on July 24, 1945, barely two weeks before the attack on Hiroshima.
The Manhattan project was launched in 1939, two years prior to America’s entry into World War II in December 1941. The Kremlin was fully aware of the secret Manhattan project as early as 1942.
Were the August 1945 Hiroshima and Nagasaki attacks used by the Pentagon to evaluate the viability of a much larger attack on the Soviet Union consisting of more than 204 atomic bombs?
“On September 15, 1945 — just under two weeks after the formal surrender of Japan and the end of World War II — Norstad sent a copy of the estimate to General Leslie Groves, still the head of the Manhattan Project, and the guy who, for the short term anyway, would be in charge of producing whatever bombs the USAAF might want. As you might guess, the classification on this document was high: “TOP SECRET LIMITED,” which was about as high as it went during World War II. (Alex Wellerstein, The First Atomic Stockpile Requirements (September 1945)
The Kremlin was aware of the 1945 plan to bomb sixty-six Soviet cities.
Had the US decided not to develop nuclear weapons for use against the Soviet Union, the nuclar arms race would not have taken place. Neither The Soviet Union nor the People’s Republic of China would have developed nuclear capabilities as a means of deterrence.
The Soviet Union lost 26 million people during World War II.
The USSR developed its own atomic bomb in 1949, in response to 1942 Soviet intelligence reports on the Manhattan Project.
Let’s cut to the chase. How many bombs did the USAAF request of the atomic general, when there were maybe one, maybe two bombs worth of fissile material on hand? At a minimum they wanted 123. Ideally, they’d like 466. This is just a little over a month after the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Of course, in true bureaucratic fashion, they provided a handy-dandy chart (Alex Wellerstein, op. cit)
http://blog.nuclearsecrecy.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/1945-Atomic-Bomb-Production.pdf
This initial 1945 list of sixty-six cities was updated in the course of the Cold War (1956) to include some 1200 cities in the USSR and the Soviet block countries of Eastern Europe (see declassified documents below).
Source: National Security Archive
“According to the 1956 Plan, H-Bombs were to be Used Against Priority “Air Power” Targets in the Soviet Union, China, and Eastern Europe. Major Cities in the Soviet Bloc, Including East Berlin, Were High Priorities in “Systematic Destruction” for Atomic Bombings. (William Burr, U.S. Cold War Nuclear Attack Target List of 1200 Soviet Bloc Cities “From East Germany to China”, National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 538, December 2015
Excerpt of list of 1200 cities targeted for nuclear attack in alphabetical order. National Security Archive
In the post Cold War era, under Donald Trump’s “Fire and Fury”, nuclear war directed against Russia, China, North Korea and Iran is “On the Table”.
What distinguishes the October 1962 Missile Crisis to Today’s realities:
1. Today’s president Donald Trump does not have the foggiest idea as to the consequences of nuclear war.
2, Communication today between the White House and the Kremlin is at an all time low. In contrast, in October 1962, the leaders on both sides, namely John F. Kennedy and Nikita S. Khrushchev were accutely aware of the dangers of nuclear annihilation. They collaborated with a view to avoiding the unthinkable.
3. The nuclear doctrine was entirely different during the Cold War. Both Washington and Moscow understood the realities of mutually assured destruction. Today, tactical nuclear weapons with an explosive capacity (yield) of one third to six times a Hiroshima bomb are categorized by the Pentagon as “harmless to civilians because the explosion is underground”.
4. A one trillion ++ nuclear weapons program, first launched under Obama, is ongoing.
5. Today’s thermonuclear bombs are more than 100 times more powerful and destructive than a Hiroshima bomb. Both the US and Russia have several thousand nuclear weapons deployed.
Moreover, an all war against China is currently on the drawing board of the Pentagon as outlined by a RAND Corporation Report commissioned by the US Army
“Fire and Fury”, From Truman to Trump: U.S Foreign Policy Insanity
There is a long history of US political insanity geared towards providing a human face to U.S. crimes against humanity.
On August 9, 1945, on the day the second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, president Truman (image right), in a radio address to the American people, concluded that God is on the side of America with regard to the use of nuclear weapons and that
“He May guide us to use it [atomic bomb] in His ways and His purposes”.
According to Truman: God is with us, he will decide if and when to use the bomb:
[We must] prepare plans for the future control of this bomb. I shall ask the Congress to cooperate to the end that its production and use be controlled, and that its power be made an overwhelming influence towards world peace.
We must constitute ourselves trustees of this new force–to prevent its misuse, and to turn it into the channels of service to mankind.
It is an awful responsibility which has come to us.
We thank God that it [nuclear weapons] has come to us, instead of to our enemies; and we pray that He may guide us to use it [nuclear weapons] in His ways and for His purposes” (emphasis added)
America has been sick to the core from its very inception.
Bull shit.
Exactly which cross did you blow?
Germany was. That why we went in and liberated Western Europe but even then millions more wanted to come over to the West from the filthy communist lands!
Ah, yes, everybody knows that the US single handedly won the WW2 and liberated the world, while the French being “Cheese eater surrender monkeys” and the Soviets did what they did only and only because of the US.
Nevermind the Soviets role in winning the war, because commies and stuff.
US became the very evil which it’s founding fathers fought against and warned about.
Due to Hollywood and decades of self aggrandizing, North Americans are largely misinformed about events leading to the final defeat and operational end of Nazi Germany, in actual fact it was the Soviet Union that captured Berlin – alone – in Operation Bagration.
To back your word, here’s the number of German divisions deployed in all fronts.
It’s clear the war with USSR was much more demanding to the Germans than any other theater.
Not only the Soviet Union that stormed and captured Berlin – alone -they went farther to the west up to the Hannover region and withdraw later volontarely to East Berlin and the later frontier between East and West, very litlle Westerners know this event coz the Allies have keeping theyr mouths closed strongly about that !
Northamerican can continue thinking whatever they want (History channel) . However, World already know what they did and they are doing to the world in reality…”WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION.”
70 years of occupation is not ‘liberty’.
Moreover, following a former boss from the BND is Germany under the rule of the US untill 2099 !
What a disgusting nation the US is and was ,even with her Russian allies who had borne the brunt of WW2.
This has even shocked me that the United States of America’s Zionist Deep State would stoop so low.
Oh pleaze …..Zionist !!
U$ American Citizens you mean ….. they volunteer by the thousands every year to kill millions in Syria, Somalia, Mali, Nigeria, Afghanistan, Libya, Donbas etc etc
Just look at the First Nations … Put into “camps” to die and survivors today are still regarded as sub human
The truth is God hates America and its utterly corrupt and rotten Government and Administration. Let’s hope they financially implode and are reduced to 3rd world status as soon as possible. The American love of war and destruction, crime and decadence is legendary and seems to be inbuilt into the psyche of their rulling class including their businessmen.
I thought Trump was a Russian agent? How’s Putin going to command him to start a war with Russia? Destroy themselves? How does that possibly make any sense? And yet I hear this printed everywhere, “Trump is going to nuke TEH COMMIEZ!” It’s doublethink, the ability to hold two contradictory opinions simultaneously.
Our president Trump, is a business man and NOT a general. He knows the best thing to do for America is to make ‘deals’ with the peoples of the world, Not kill off the populations.
Trump is ok, but his roughness is not presentable…
Barak Obama and Hilarkillers Clinton are mad warmongers !
Don’t be surprised if America will be vitrified,
their karma deserve it !
I agree he is rough and ‘in your face’ but take a moment and look at what most humans like to watch on TV, movies etc. They like to watch violence and they identify with the tough guy.
I have my fingers crossed Trump goes back to making deals.
I wish you were right, but seeing him threatening others left and right makes me doubt your word.
All businessmen know that a deal means giving something and receiving something else. You can’t make deals if you expect only to receive and not give.
Trump is either not what we thought or is on a very short leash after his oath (How they managed to put a leash on him, is very important. Find out and save the world)
Scares me also, scares most world leaders, and that is a ‘big stick’.
I am hoping and planning the world is healed and people everywhere start feeling a kinship with their brothers and sisters all over the world.
US as of now were already on it’s way towards one final act to break all international laws and norms. They’ve made a wrong choice and decision along the way just like everybody else but they are much more stubborn to admitted their mistake. This culture lead them towards this point.
Even they realized where they were wrong right now there may too much scores others wishes to settle right now.
Nothing New,
It’s just show US and GB Madness is limitless
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http://www.voltairenet.org/article187508.html
Anglo-American Money Owners Organized World War II
by Valentin Katasonov
To mark the 70th anniversary of the Victory against Nazism, we publish a study of Valentin Katasonov on financing of the NSDAP and the rearmament of the Third Reich. The author deals with new documents that confirm the organization of the Second World War by US and UK Bankers, covered by President Franklin Roosevelt and Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, in the hope of destroying the USSR. This study raises new questions that will be addressed in a future article.
Hjalmar Schacht (left), Hitler’s finance minister, with his close friend Montagu Norman, Governor of the Bank of England from 1920 to 1944. According to documents reveled by the Bank of England in 2012, he Czechoslovak gold was held in London in a sub-account in the name of the Bank for International Settlements, the Basel-based bank for central banks. When the Nazis marched into Prague in March 1939 they immediately sent armed soldiers to the offices of the National Bank. The Czech directors were ordered, on pain of death, to send two transfer requests. The first instructed the BIS to transfer 23.1 metric tons of gold from the Czechoslovak BIS account, held at the Bank of England, to the Reichsbank BIS account, also held at Threadneedle Street. The second order instructed the Bank of England to transfer almost 27 metric tons of gold held in the National Bank of Czechoslovakia’s own name to the BIS’s gold account at the Bank of England.
The war was not unleashed by frenzied Fuhrer who happened to be ruling Germany at the time. WWII is a project created by world oligarchy or Anglo-American “money owners”. Using such instruments as the US Federal Reserve System and the Bank of England they started to prepare for the next world conflict of global scale right after WWI. The USSR was the target.
The Dawes and Young Plans, the creation of Bank of International Settlements (BIS), the Germany’s suspension of reparations payments it had to pay according to Paris Peace Treaty and the acquiescence of Russia’s former allies in this decision, large-scale foreign investments into the economy of Third Reich, the militarization of German economy and the breaches of Paris Treaty provisions – they all were important milestones on the way of preparing the war.
There were key figures behind the plot: the Rockefellers, the Morgans, Lord Montagu Norman (the Governor of the Bank of England), Hjalmar Schacht (President of the Reichsbank and Minister of Economics in the Hitler’s government).The strategic plan of Rockefellers and Morgans was to subjugate Europe economically, saturate Germany with foreign investments and credits and make it deliver a crushing blow against the Soviet Russia so that it would be returned into the world capitalist system as a colony.
Montagu Norman (1871 – 1950) played an important role of go-between to keep up a dialogue between American financial circles and Germany’s business leaders. Hjalmar Schacht organized the revival of Germany’s defense sector of economy. The operation conducted by “money owners” was covered up by such politicians as Franklin Roosevelt, Neville Chamberlain and Winston Churchill. In Germany the plans were carried out by Hitler and Hjalmar Schacht. Some historians say Hjalmar Schacht played a more important role than Hitler. Simply Schacht kept away from spotlight.
The Dawes Plan was an attempt following World War I for the Triple Entente to compromise and collect war reparations debt from Germany. The Dawes Plan (as proposed by the Dawes Committee, chaired by Charles G. Dawes) was an attempt in 1924 to solve the reparations problem, which had bedeviled international politics following World War I and the Treaty of Versailles (France was reluctant to accept it got over 50% of reparations). In 1924-1929 Germany got $2, 5 billion from the United States and $ 1, 5 billion from Great Britain, according to Dawes Plan. In today’s prices the sum is huge, it is equal to $1 trillion of US dollars. Hjalmar Schacht played an active role in the implementation of Dawes Plan. In 1929 he summed up the results, saying that in 5 years Germany got more foreign loans that the United States in the 40 years preceding WWI. As a result, in 1929 Germany became the world’s second largest industrial nation leaving Great Britain behind.
In the 1930s the process of feeding Germany with investments and credits continued. The Young Plan was a program for settling German reparations debts after World War I written in 1929 and formally adopted in 1930. It was presented by the committee headed (1929–30) by American industrialist Owen D. Young, creator and ex-first chairman of Radio Corporation of America (RCA), who, at the time, concurrently served at board of trustees of Rockefeller Foundation, and also had been one of representatives involved in previous war reparations restructuring arrangement – Dawes Plan of 1924. According to the plan, the Bank of International Settlements (BIS) was created in 1930 to make Germany pay reparations to victors. In reality the money flows went in quite a different direction – from the United States and Great Britain to Germany. The majority of strategically important German companies belonged to American capital or were partly under its control. Some of them belonged to British investors. German oil refinery and coal liquefaction sectors of economy belonged to Standard Oil (the Rockefellers). FarbenindustrieAG chemical industry major wasmoved under the control of the Morgan Group. 40% of telephone network and 30% of Focke Wulf shares belonged to American ITT. Radio and AEG, Siemens, Osram electrical industry majors moved under the control of American General Electric. ITT and General Electric were part of the Morgan’s empire. At least 100% of the Volkswagen shares belonged to American Ford. By the time Hitler came to power the US financial capital practically controlled all strategically important sectors of German industry: oil refining, synthetic fuel production, chemistry, car building, aviation, electrical engineering, radio industry, and a large part of machine-building (totally 278 companies). The leading German banks – Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank, Donat Bank and some others – were under US control.
***
On January 30, 1933 Hitler was named the Chancellor of Germany. Before that his candidacy had been thoroughly studied by American bankers. HjalmarSchacht went to the United States in the autumn of 1930 to discuss the nomination with American colleagues. The Hitler’s appointment was finally approved at a secret meeting of financiers in the United States. He spent the whole 1932 trying to convince the German bankers that Hitler was the right person for the position. He achieved the goal. In mid-November 1932 17 German largest bankers and industrialists sent a letter to President Hindenburg expressing their demand to make Hitler the Chancellor of Germany. The last working meeting of German financiers before the election was held on January 4, 1933 in Kölnat the home of banker Kurt von Schröder. After that the National Socialist Party came to power. As a result, the financial and economic ties of Germany with Anglo-Saxons elevated to a higher level.
Hitler immediately made an announcement that he refused to pay postwar reparations. It put into doubt the ability of England and France to pay off WWI debts to the United States. Washington did not object to the Hitler’s announcement. In May 1933 Hjalmar Schacht paid another visit to the United States. There he met with President Franklin Roosevelt and big bankers to reach a $1 billion credit deal.In June the same year Hjalmar Schacht visited London to hold talks with Montagu Norman. It all went down smoothly. The British agreed to grant a $2 billion loan. The British offered no objections related to the Germany’s decision to suspend debt payments.
Some historians say the American and British bankers were pliant because by 1932 the Soviet Union had fulfilled the 5-year economic development plan to make it achieve new heights as an industrial power. A few thousand enterprises were built, especially in the sector of heavy industry. The dependence of USSR on import of engineering production has greatly dwindled. The chances to strangle the Soviet Union economically were practically reduced to zero. They decided to rely on war and launched the runaway militarization of Germany.
It was easy for Germany to get American credits. By and large, Hitler came to power in his country at the same time as Franklin Roosevelt took office in the United States. The very same bankers who supported Hitler in 1931 supported Roosevelt at the presidential election. The newly elect President could not but endorse large credits to Germany. By the way, many noticed that there was a big similarity between the Roosevelt’s “New Deal Policy” and the economic policy of the German Third Reich. No wonder. The very same people worked out and consulted the both governments at the time. They mainly represented US financial circles.
The Roosevelt’s New Deal soon started to stumble on the way. In 1937 America plunged into the quagmire of economic crisis. In 1939 the US economy operated at 33% of its industrial capacity (it was 19% in the heat of the 1929-1933 crisis).
Rexford G. Tugwell, an economist who became part of Franklin Roosevelt’s first “Brain, a group of Columbia University academics who helped develop policy recommendations leading up to Roosevelt’s New Deal,wrote that in 1939 the government failed to reach any success.There was an open seatill the day Hitler invaded Poland.Only the mighty wind of war could dissipate the fog. Any other measures Roosevelt could take were doomed to failure. [1] Only the world war could save the US capitalism. In 1939 the money owners used all leverage at their disposal to put pressure of Hitler and make him unleash a big war in the east.
***
The Bank of International Settlements (BIS) played an important role during the Second World War. It was created as an outpost of American interests in Europe and a link between Anglo-American and German businesses, a kind of offshore zone for cosmopolitan capital providing a shelter from political processes, wars, sanctions and other things. The Bank was created as a public commercial entity, it’s immunity from government interference and such things as taxes collection was guaranteed by international agreement signed in the Hague in 1930.
The bankers of Federal Reserve Bank of New York, who were close to the Morgans, Montagu Norman, the Governor of the Bank of England, German financiers: Hjalmar Schacht (President of the Reichsbank and Minister of Economics in the Hitler’s government), Walther Funk (who later replaced Hjalmar Schacht as President of the Reichsbank) and EmilPuhl – all of them played an important role in the efforts to establish the Bank. The central banks of Great Britain, France, Italy, Germany, Belgium and some private banks were among the founders. The Federal Bank of New York did its best to establish the BIS, but it was not listed as a founder. The US was represented by the private First National Bank of New York, J.P. Morgan and Company, the First National Bank of Chicago – all parts of the Morgan’s empire. Japan was also represented by private banks. In 1931-1932 19 European central banks joined the Bank of International Settlements. Gates W. McGarrah, a banker of Rockefeller’s clan, was the first BIS chairman of the board. He was replaced by Leon Fraser, who represented the clan of Morgans. US citizen Thomas H. McKittrick was President of the Bankduring the war years.
A lot has already been written about the BIS activities serving the interests of Third Reich. The Bank was involved in deals with different countries, including those Germany was at war with. Ever since Pearl Harbor the Bank of International Settlements has been a correspondent bank for the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. It was under Nazi control during the war years, no matter American Thomas Huntington McKittrick was the Bank’s President. Soldiers were dying on the battlefields while the leadership of BIS held meetings in Basel with the bankers of Germany, Japan, Italy, Belgium, Great Britain and the United States. There, in the Swiss offshore zone, it was all peaceful, the representatives of belligerents quietly worked in the atmosphere of mutual understanding.
Switzerland became the place where gold seized by Germany in different corners of Europe was transported to for storage. In the March of 1938, when Hitler captured Vienna, part of Austrian gold was transferred to BIS vaults. The same thing happened with the gold of Czech National Bank (48 million USD). As the war started, the flows of gold poured into the Bank of International Settlements. Germany got it from concentration camps and as a result of plundering the wealth of occupied countries (including whatever belonged to civilians: jewels, gold crowns, cigarette cases, utensils…). It was called the Nazi Gold. The metal was processed into ingots to be stored in the Bank of International Settlements, Switzerland, or outside Europe. Charles Higham in his Trading With The Enemy: An Expose of The Nazi-American Money Plot 1933-1949 wrote that during the war Nazi transferred $378 million into the accounts of Bank of International Settlements.
A few words about the Czech gold. The details surfaced when after the Bank of England’s archives were declassified in 2012. [2] In the March of 1939 Germany captured Prague. Nazi demanded $48 million of national gold reserves. They were told that the sum had already been transferred to the Bank of International Settlements. Later it became known that the gold was transferred from Basel to the vaults of Bank of England. Upon the command from Berlin the gold was transferred to the ReichsbankBIS account. Then the Bank of England was involved in transactions done upon the orders of Reichsbank given to the Bank of International settlements. The commands were retransmitted to London. There was collusion between German Reichsbank, the Bank of International Settlements and the Bank of England. In 1939 a scandal broke out in Great Britain because the Bank of England executed the transactions with Czech gold upon the commands coming from Berlin and Basel, not the Czech government. For instance, in the June of 1939, three months before the war between Great Britain and Germany started, the Bank of England helped Germans to get into their accounts the amount of gold equal to 440 thousand pounds sterling and transfer some gold to New York (Germany was sure that in case of German intervention into Poland the United States would not declare war).
The illegal transactions with Czech gold were implemented with tacit approval of the government of Great Britain which was aware of what was going on. Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, Chancellor of the Exchequer Sir John Simon and other top officials did their best to hide the truth, including outright lies (the gold was returned to the lawful owner or had never been transferred to Reichsbank). The recently declassified materials of Bank of England reveal the truth and show that the government officials lied to cover up themselves and the activities of the Bank of England and the Bank of International Settlements. It was easy to coordinate the joint criminal activities because Montagu Norman, the head of Bank of England, served as the chairman of the board of Bank of International Settlements. He never made secret of his sympathy for fascists.
The Bretton Woods Conference, formally known as the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference, was the gathering of 730 delegates from all 44 allied nations at the Mount Washington Hotel situated in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, the United States, to regulate the international monetary and financial order after the conclusion of World War II. The conference was held from 1 to 22 July 1944. All of a sudden the issue of the Bank of International Settlements hit the agenda. It was reported that the bank collaborated with fascist Germany. Leaving many details aside, I’d only mention that with great difficulty (some US delegates opposed the motion) the delegates reached an agreement to close the BIS. The decision of international conference has never been enacted. All the discreditable information related to the BIS wartime activities was classified. Today it helps to falsify the history of the Second World War.
Finally, a few words about Hjalmar Schacht (1877-1970) who served as President of the Reichsbank and Minister of Economics in the fascist Germany’s government. He was a key figure controlling the economic machine of Third Reich, an extraordinary and plenipotentiaryambassador representing Anglo-American capital in Germany. In 1945 Schacht was tried at Nuremberg to be acquitted on October 1, 1946. He got away with murder. The same way it happened to Hitler. For some unexplained reasons he was not in the 1945 leading wartime criminals list. More to it, Schacht returned to his profession like if nothing happened and founded Schacht GmbH in Düsseldorf. This detail may go unnoticed, though it serves as another testimony to the fact that Anglo-American “money owners” and their plenipotentiary representatives in Germany prepared and, to some extent, influenced the outcome of the Second World War. The “money owners” want to rewrite the history of the war and change its results.
Valentin Katasonov
[1] P.Tugwell, The Democratic Roosevelt, A Biography of Franklin D. Roosevelt, New York, 1957, p 477.
[2] http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/arch…
Interesting article. I wouldn’t be quite surprised that these money changers having no loyalty or moral but i am surprised by the degree of how coordinated they are as well as how capable they rein their puppet and used them.
I keep wondering why they weren’t held accountable for betrayals.
Have a good reading,
Operation “Paperclip”
Intelligence in Public Literature
Operation Paperclip: The Secret Intelligence Program to Bring Nazi Scientists to America
Annie Jacobsen. (Little, Brown & Company, 2014) 575 pp., endnotes, bibliography, index.
Reviewed by Jay Watkins
As World War II ended, the race was on with the Soviet Union to seize as many German scientists as possible in anticipation of the Cold War. The full story has remained elusive until now. Operation Paperclip, by Annie Jacobsen, provides perhaps the most comprehensive, up-to-date narrative available to the general public. Her book is a detailed and highly readable account of the program. Jacobsen compiled extensive primary and secondary sources, duly annotated in over 100 pages of notes and bibliography. In it are many new sources, among them US government records (President Clinton’s “Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act”), German archival records, first-person accounts, memoirs, and letters. The book also contains a useful index and biographies of the principal players.
Jacobsen offers a detailed chronology of events related to Operation Paperclip. Because of its scope and the introduction of so many characters, the narrative could have been improved if the author had focused on a shorter list than the 89 individuals profiled and maintained more topical continuity. Nevertheless, the book is a compelling work with interesting historical and personal revelations, for example:
One of the most notorious cases of WMD proliferation occurred on 15 May 1945, when the German U-234 submarine, bound for Japan, was captured off Newfoundland by the USS Sutton. The U-boat carried Dr. Heinz Schlicke, Director of Naval Test Fields at Kiel, and the cargo included plans for the Hs293 glider bomb, V-1 glide bomb (forerunner to cruise missiles), V-2 rocket (forerunner to the SCUD missile), Me262 fighter aircraft (the first combat jet fighter), low observable submarine designs, and lead-lined boxes filled with 1,200 lbs. of uranium oxide, a key ingredient of atomic bombs. Schlicke, who claimed to be an electronic warfare expert, became a prisoner at Ft. Meade, MD.
Sarin was produced at Dyhernfurth (Dyhernfurth later fell into Russian hands). Its name derives from the initials of its developers: Gerhard Schrader and Otto Ambros from the infamous IG Farben chemical company—maker of the killing gases used at concentration camps—and from the names of two German Army officers.
Schrader tells the story of inventing “tabun,” a nerve agent named after the English word “taboo.” The Germans called it 9/91 and, after their defeat at Stalingrad, seriously considered using it on the Russians.
Henry Wallace, former vice president and secretary of commerce, believed the scientists’ ideas could launch new civilian industries and produce jobs. Indeed, German scientists developed synthetic rubber (used in automobile tires), non-running hosiery, the ear thermometer, electromagnetic tape, and miniaturized electrical components, to name a few.
Werner von Braun is well known to those who remember the Apollo moon landing. During the Ford administration, von Braun was almost awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom—until one of Ford’s senior advisors, David Gergen, objected to his Nazi past.
Etc., etc.
https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol-58-no-3/operation-paperclip-the-secret-intelligence-program-to-bring-nazi-scientists-to-america.html
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The Merchant of Death: Basil Zaharoff
TAGS BiographiesWar and Foreign PolicyWorld History
08/24/2007John T. Flynn
If the Lord God Jehovah had not created Basil Zaharoff, some novelist sooner or later would certainly have got around to the job. Indeed, it is by no means certain that Zaharoff, as we have him, is not the joint product of God and the fiction writers.
Lieutenant Colonel Walter Guinness, member for Bury St.Edmonds, committed the blunder against history of referring to Zaharoff in the House of Commons in 1921 as the “Mystery Man of Europe.” Having fixed upon him that fascinating label, the figure of Zaharoff became thereafter a costumer’s dummy upon which the news caricaturists of Europe draped whatever garments would vindicate his reputation.
Mysterious indeed he is and still more mysterious he became at the hands of the sensational news portrait painters. The mystery begins with his birth. A French biographer, Roger Menevee? records that he was born in Moughliou, or Mugla, on the Anatolian coast. But a German, Robert Neumann, asserts that Zaharoff, testifying in a London court as a young man, said he was born in the Tatavla or poor section of Constantinople, and he notes that the Mugla nativity is attested by an affidavit of a Greek priest made forty-two years after the event and was based upon memory.
It was never known with complete certainty to what country he owed allegiance. He was a Greek, born in Turkey, who lived in Paris. His right to the ribbon of the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor was questioned in the Chamber of Deputies and M. Clemenceau had to assure the Chamber that “M. Zaharoff is a Frenchman.” But also he was throughout his life the guiding genius of a great British armament concern, acted as a British agent, was a Knight of the Bath, known in England as Sir Basil Zaharoff.
Journalists said he spoke fluently fourteen languages — which is probably an extravagant exaggeration. They reported how he had confided to a written record the story of his life, filling fifty-eight volumes which he ordered to be burned at his death, while others told how he had himself destroyed the record, two days being consumed in reducing it to ashes in the furnace of his Paris home. Extravagant tales were told of his habits, his amours, his dinners, and the exotic dishes brought fresh by plane from immense distances for his table. But, in fact, the reporters and the historians have produced but little about the personal life and affairs of the man. Searching the extensive but empty records, one fails to discover any documents or letters or speeches or records or meetings or conferences or instances in which the man is actually present. Always one hears that he is somewhere in the background, off in the shadows, pulling the strings, supplying the stratagems and the money.
Etc., etc.
https://mises.org/library/merchant-death-basil-zaharoff
Its well known propaganda against jews. Only small corners are true. The interesting for me is that people in stead of taking responsability are so unable to it, that they have to explain it by others harm them.
Islam is like that too. If Islam cant explain how they it is, You invent some in same kind of level as religion.
The german expansion was mainly possible by unlimited support by Stalin.
You’ve got “Stalin” on the brain, dude. Is everything Stalin’s fault? Of course it is – it’s always Stalin and the commies with you people. Did you actually read those article or just skim through for useful bullsh*t to bolster your ridiculous statements?
WTF does that even mean you fckin imbecile… Stalin was the only one opposed to Hitlers intervention in Spain and his destruction of CzS while the west was licking his bum. Try Edward VIII you braindead monkey.
Ford US asked autorisation and recieved from the US Government for having 80.000 trucks fabricated in Nazi Germany Ford Cologne (Köln ) factory’s, trucks used to occupy entyre Europe and North Africa !
80% of the Nazi motors were Ford and GM
and 20% of Oil was GE
when Germany invaded Poland !
Atomic bombing of Japanese cities was the way of the US to show the Soviets how big their penises are. The US has the same plan for almost all countries on earth, how are we to counter those psychopaths will be difficult task.
Death of others seems orgasmic for the American leaders. I came to that conclusion after watching footage of Hillary describing the death of Colonel Gaddafi.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fgcd1ghag5Y
I normally don’t like spies and traitors to their own country, but I thank god for the likes of Klaus Fuchs whose actions saved many lives from the atomic fires. It was only and only because of fear of retaliation that the US didn’t execute such hellish plans.
Well, not anymore. Today they seem content to burn their own country if the destruction on Russia or other countries is more sever than on the US.
Actually these days US national interest is not defined by US’s benefits, but by harm and damage on other countries. At least the parts of it that’s not related to Israel in which, neither US benefit nor it’s damage are important.
Orgasmic. There’s no better word. Seems like world domination through massive destruction and murders is their wet dreams.
You seemes to like that way because You make no normal structures for parle.
You have written and posted a sentence of literal nonsense.
U stupid COW, educate urself before U open ur ugly mouth
All sociopaths, who are those at the extreme end of the Narcissistic Personality Disorder spectrum, gain their greatest sense of achievement, and satisfaction, from the creation of suffering in others, and control and domination of others is always their primary driving motivations when interacting with others.
I am not sure if 60-70 B17 bombers could have entered USSR airspace without being challenged. Also not sure if US possessed enough U238 to construct that many bombs in such a short period of time. It appears it was wishful thinking on part of the Americans who were still trying to understand the effects of the weapon.
It wasn’t only B-17s, but B-29s as well and later (mid ’50s) B-52s (first flight ’52, service entry ’55) and even smaller bomber/fighter planes. Operations like “Chrome Dome” are historical facts.
Regarding the number of nuclear weapons, I think this wiki page can offer some info.
But I agree on wishful thinking in American planning. They usually heavily rely on absurd conditions, like the target country being absolute imbeciles for their schemes to succeed.
I was speaking within the context of 1945 and shortly thereafter, B17 and B29 were available from European locations. The Chrome Dome was instituted during 1960, the B52 along KC135 tankers made this concept possible. During the Cold War a third of the US bombers were airborne at any given time to reduce the possibility of being caught on the ground by an unexpected SLBM attack.
Then you’re right.
Yes, quite correct. They would not have enough U238 for the 2 in Japan if Germany’s supplies did not ‘make it’ to America. They could not have done this for some years. I agree it is wishful thinking.
Lewt me remind You, that US did its best to avoid being involved in WW2 as well as WW1 feeling itself almost unarmed behind Atlantic and Pacific Ocenans.
USA wasnt in any competision with the migets and dwarfs, because they were not in the world as trade as well as in war exaept the ones best known for the Russian navel fleet 1905.
US was in competision with Britts, Germans and a little with France and there was no need for showing Stalin this and that.
In fact it was the opposite. USA by Truman, Eisehower and others tryed to show a peacefull way and hoped Stalin would follow into a well organized peacefull world.
The russian expansion and plans for it also had nothing to do with USA but was all about landgrabbing as usual. That was see when the war stopped. USSR took the stolen parts of Europe back and more to it.
They didnt help those sountries up, but plundred their few ressources in the worst colonistyle making millions into non payd slaves and killed 10.000 of them too.
US did the opposite just after and gave 16 countries in Western Europe Marshall help as well as money to a lot of other damaged countries.
The USA being the biggest police therefore was a reaction to the Stalins and their expansion. And let me remind You, that USSR declared war to Japan in 1945, when their own part in Europe was solved. And why : To take some islands back for free from Japan.
Jens, read what you intend to reply to.
I answer just one part of your story, regarding the declaration of war by the USSR to Japan, It was based on the promise of Marshal Stalin, which the USSR will declare war on the Empire of Japan, 90 days after the war on the eastern front is finished, and as much as I don’t like communists, they kept their word to the dismay of the US.
Yes, countries value their deals and promises, unlike the US.
Twisting history will not work on the informed.
Take that USA penis out of your mouth and talk some sense man.
I see you are using a fake name and pic, when are you going to cease and desist ?
I agree
Rubbish Jens and you know it. The US Military Industrial complex gained wealth that they could have only dreamed about before WW1 and WW2. The US industries were free from bombing and invasion to supply the armies in Europe. This money propelled the US into its Empire of death that we all suffer today.
I would have preferred the Germans to win WW2 if I had realised what the cancer of Zionism has caused.
A sh*twall of clueless garbage there… just a few facts: USSR declared war on Japan because Americans begged them to do so for months. Soviet invasion of Manchuria was actually more devastating to japanese strategic position than A-bombs. Stalin kept his word and return Machuria and even stopped advance in Korea (it was easy for RedArmy to take the entire peninsula but they did NOT). Even Stalin was more honest than Anglos.
The rest of your incomprehensible mumbling is not really worth replying (or reading).
A little while ago I viewed a presentation, given if I recall correctly
at a USA military college, on the subject of America’s nuclear
programme from 1945 to 1950. The core point explained was that this
programme was in very poor shape after the war. As I recall there
were no extensive stockpiles of bombs and very little capacity to
build them. This was despite any claims made at the time. So if true
this might indicate that the inhibition in implementing the plans
described above were resources rather than the desire.
All those who don’t think that such a plan exists today and
that it has been revisited and updated on a regular basis, are simply idiots. The
plan will be enacted at such time as the owners of the empire conclude, rightfully
or not, that there is a chance for their survival. They are running out of
time, therefore, it will happen sooner rather than later.
all right, this is the job of generals. we, in WP also made dozens of plans ffor nuclear wiping out of capitalists :)))
It was never clear to me how many bombs the U.S. had or at what rate we could produce them in 1945.
One of the rationalizations of using two bombs, 3 days apart, was to convince the Japanese that we had so many that we wouldn’t use them so generously unless we had lots of them. (BTW I am not approving of that decision, just stating an argument that I have heard.)
in 1948/49 they were able
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_nuclear_weapons_stockpiles_and_nuclear_tests_by_country
this article could be interesting, but i cant open
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00963402.1988.11456095?journalCode=rbul20
Thanks, it confirms that in 1945 we did not have a stockpile of bombs but would have been able to manufacture them in some small quantity. By 1950 we had worked out the kinks and had two stage thermonuclear weapons (shudder).
On a side note, Putin in his Oliver Stone interview pretty much says that U.S. scientists leaked the technology to the Soviet Union, not because they were commies but because they feared a world where one country had a monopoly of such weapons.
While I am frequently critical of my country, we should be given some credit for resisting the temptation to play the evil card. We could have stated that anyone who tests a nuclear weapon will be nuked and tried to actually be a new Roman Empire. I’m certain that we had a faction in the U.S. that wanted to do that.
as i remeber, i learned, that in 1945 usa could produce 8-10 bombs. 4 of them used until august (2 testing porpuse, 2 Japan).
On a side note, Putin in his Oliver Stone interview pretty much says
that U.S. scientists leaked the technology to the Soviet Union, not
because they were commies but because they feared a world where one
country had a monopoly of such weapons.
yes, its true story.
We could have stated that anyone who tests a nuclear weapon will be nuked and tried to actually be a new Roman Empire.
in socialist counties when came gorbachev, our future vision was something close to theory of albert camus: socialist countries reform economy and use capitalist elements, and western cutries reforms social sphere. our vison was, that will be united first and second world, maybe with cinia also (in that time china declared himself as leader of 3rd word). so, in tigis vison the positive element was, if we held together, in the world will be order. wars will be unnecessary. and this vison is similar to that, what you wrote. but based not upon the hegemony of one country, but cooperation of many countries.
The US military always had a criminal mind, ready to use disproportionate force in order to submit and destroy the enemy, regardles of the cost. They wouldn’t mind destroying half planet on behalf of their will to total domination.
all right, this is the job of generals. we, in WP also made dozens of plans ffor nuclear wiping out of capitalists :)))
Problem with the US assessment is that they have not included any conditions when the Russians/Chinese would counter attack and utterly destroy the US, which would do the world a favour.
“Had the US decided not to develop nuclear weapons for use against the Soviet Union, the nuclar arms race would not have taken place. Neither The Soviet Union nor the People’s Republic of China would have developed nuclear capabilities as a means of deterrence.”
I would agree with this statement if the USA had handed over all their nuclear weapons to UN control then outlawed nuclear weapons for every nation. If the USA kept nuclear weapons and promised not to use them Russia and China would have had no choice but to develop nuclear weapons …… maybe not in the numbers we see today but they could never be secure without their own nuclear weapons.
America is beter than Russia and they knwo that evrybody know that russians is on the evile side but all people have potencial to be good .So be good and all be good.☺
See a shrink !
No matter the degree of hatred US has come to stay and reign. The World Ws were not started by US.
I am not surprised that some brutal regimes are there but no one talks about them. Only US. If you cannot defeat it then join it.
Really? The hate expressed against America here without acknowledgment of the same miss-deeds and inhuman behavior of other Nations (I have no need to name names) is denying reality.
I have recently made the decision to not speak of nations being against one another.
Why?
Nations are composed of people just like you and I who just want to live their lives, have food on the table, clothing, shelter, an education and a trade or work that will support a family.
Wars and internal strife, between and within individual Nations, are instigated by those who seek power, wealth, and wish to rule over others. They are the harbingers of hunger, suffering, slavery, and wars.
Do not associate with any person, organization, political party, religious group, that promotes turning people one against another or Nations on against another. By so doing we are aiding and furthering the plan of others who desire to be our overloads.
Daniel https://www.knowingforyourself.com
https://uploads.disquscdn.com/images/1adb866b857a8fd06181666f4900fc5da9bc5f803a541c4c684d0f19c198a31a.jpg
The populations of two nations at war with each other are as insignificant as the hundred trillion cells in each of two human beings fighting each other.